Alay Travel Guide

Alay Travel Tours Kyrgysztan

Osh-South capital of Kyrgyzstan

The Southern Capital of Kyrgyzstan

Osh, often called the «southern capital» of Kyrgyzstan, is the country’s second-largest city and one of the oldest settlements in Central Asia, with a history spanning over 3,000 years. Located in the fertile Fergana Valley near the borders of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, Osh has long been a cultural and economic hub along the Silk Road. The city is known for its vibrant bazaars, deep-rooted traditions, and historical significance, making it an essential stop for travelers exploring Kyrgyzstan.

Map Location: Google Maps

Sightseeing Tours for Daily Exploration in Osh

  1. Sulayman-Too Mountain (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
    • A sacred mountain and one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Central Asia.
    • Features multiple caves, small mosques, and the historic Babur’s House, a site linked to the founder of the Mughal Empire.
    • A moderate hike to the top provides panoramic views of Osh and the surrounding Fergana Valley.
    • The mountain is home to ancient petroglyphs and legends of healing powers, making it a spiritually significant location.
  2. Osh Bazaar
    • One of the oldest and busiest markets in Central Asia, reflecting the city’s Silk Road heritage.
    • A perfect place to experience the vibrant culture, with vendors selling fresh produce, spices, dried fruits, traditional Kyrgyz felt products, and Uzbek handicrafts.
    • The best spot to try local street food such as samsa (flaky pastries with meat filling) and tandyr naan (traditional bread).
  3. Alymbek Datka Park and Monument
    • A tribute to Alymbek Datka, a significant 19th-century Kyrgyz leader who played a key role in the region’s history.
    • The park includes cultural exhibits and serves as a peaceful retreat in the heart of the city.
  4. Osh State Historical and Archaeological Museum
    • Located at the base of Sulayman-Too Mountain, this museum showcases Osh’s historical artifacts, including relics from ancient Silk Road civilizations.
    • Features exhibits on Kyrgyz nomadic culture, traditional crafts, and archaeological discoveries.
  5. Lenin Monument
    • A Soviet-era landmark that remains one of the few surviving statues of Lenin in Central Asia.
    • A nod to Osh’s historical ties with the USSR and a unique site for history enthusiasts.
  6. Saimaluu Tash Petroglyph Gallery (Museum or Excursion Option)
    • Displays images of ancient rock carvings from the Saimaluu Tash Reserve, which date back thousands of years and depict scenes of nomadic life, animals, and celestial symbols.

Nearby Attractions Around Osh

  1. Uzgen Minaret and Mausoleums (50 km from Osh) Uzgen Minaret 
    • A well-preserved 12th-century minaret from the Karakhanid dynasty.
    • Includes ancient mausoleums that served as royal burial sites, offering a glimpse into medieval Central Asian architecture.
  2. Abshir Ata Waterfall (80 km from Osh) Abshyr waterfall
    • A picturesque natural site where water flows from a rock crevice, forming a unique and sacred waterfall.
    • Ideal for a day trip, offering picnic spots and scenic views of the surrounding mountains.
  3. Kyrgyz Ata National Park (70 km from Osh) Kyrgyz-Ata national park
    • A serene nature reserve located in the Kichik-Alai Mountains.
    • Offers hiking trails, horseback riding, and breathtaking alpine landscapes, perfect for nature lovers.

Things to Do in Osh

  1. Explore the Food Scene
    • Osh is famous for its rich culinary traditions influenced by Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Central Asian flavors.
    • Must-try dishes:
      • Plov – A signature rice pilaf with meat, carrots, and spices.
      • Lagman – A hearty noodle soup with vegetables and lamb.
      • Samsa – A crispy pastry filled with seasoned meat, baked in a clay oven.
    • Visit local chaikhanas (teahouses) for an authentic experience.
  2. Visit the Silk Road Remnants
    • Osh has been a key Silk Road trade center for centuries. Explore its historical routes and learn about the city’s role in connecting traders from East to West.
  3. Cultural Immersion
    • Attend local festivals, shop for handmade crafts at markets, and experience the traditional music and dance of Kyrgyzstan.
Travel Tips for Osh
  1. Getting There
    • By Air: Osh International Airport has frequent flights from Bishkek (~1 hour) and some international routes to destinations like Moscow and Istanbul.
    • By Road: A long but scenic drive from Bishkek (10–12 hours by car or shared bus/taxi). The route passes through mountain passes with stunning views.
  2. Transportation inside city
    • Marshrutkas (Minibuses): The most budget-friendly option but can be crowded.
    • Taxis: Affordable and reliable. Yandex Go is available for easy booking via phone apps.
    • Walking: Many central attractions are within walking distance.
  3. Best Time to Visit
    • Spring (April–June) and Autumn (September–October) are ideal for comfortable weather.
    • Summer can be extremely hot, with temperatures reaching +40°C (104°F).
    • Winter is mild compared to northern Kyrgyzstan but may limit outdoor activities.
  4. Language
    • Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and Russian are widely spoken.
    • English is not commonly spoken, but younger locals and those in the tourism industry may understand basic phrases.
  5. Weather in Osh
    • Summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild with occasional snowfall.

Osh: The Gateway to Southern Kyrgyzstan

Osh is the starting point for many of the top tourist destinations in southern Kyrgyzstan. The city serves as the main transport hub for domestic and international travelers.

Distant Excursions from Osh:

  • Alay Region: For those traveling to Tajikistan or coming from Tajikistan—or even following the same route from China—the rich landscapes of Kyrgyzstan are a must-see. Spend a few days exploring its stunning natural scenery, from breathtaking mountain lakes and snow-capped peaks to the magical summer landscapes. The Alay Valley, with its pristine beauty, is an ideal destination for adventure tourism. Google location area
  • Arslanbap Forest (200 km): Home to the world’s largest walnut forest and spectacular waterfalls. Google location 
  • Sary-Chelek Lake (300 km): A stunning alpine lake within a biosphere reserve, ideal for hiking and camping. Google location 
  • Kara-Shoro National Park (Ozgon region): A lesser-known but beautiful mountainous area with unique flora and fauna. Google location
  • The Nookat district is a rich natural area of ​​the national park and a popular recreation area of ​​Kara-Koy, an unusual waterfall falling from a cliff, and a vast foothill area for cycling and hiking tours, connecting Chon-Alai and the Alai Valley through the mountain passes of Tenizbai, Sary-Mogol and Dzhiptik. Google location

Getting to Osh by road from neighbor countries

From Tajikistan

Traveling from Tajikistan to Osh is a scenic journey, mainly done through the Batken region or via the Pamir Highway.

1. From Khujand (Tajikistan) to Osh (Kyrgyzstan) via Batken

  • Route: Khujand → Isfara → Batken → Osh
  • Border Crossing: The Kyzyl-Bel border post (between Batken and Isfara) is the main crossing point.
  • Transport Options:
    • Shared taxis from Khujand to Isfara (~2 hours, ~$5–$10 per person).
    • Shared taxis or private cars from Isfara to Batken (~30–45 minutes).
    • From Batken, take another shared taxi to Osh (~4–5 hours, ~$15–$20).
  • Things to Note: Border crossings may require extra paperwork, so check visa requirements in advance.

2. From Dushanbe (Tajikistan) to Osh via the Pamir Highway

  • Route: Dushanbe → Khorog → Murghab → Sary-Tash → Osh
  • Border Crossing: The Kyzyl-Art Pass, located at an altitude of 4,280m, connects Murghab (Tajikistan) to Sary-Tash (Kyrgyzstan).
  • Transport Options:
    • Private 4WD vehicle (recommended due to rough roads).
    • Shared taxis or tour operators run routes between Dushanbe and Khorog (~14–16 hours).
    • From Khorog to Murghab (~8–10 hours) and then to Sary-Tash, transport is less frequent, so pre-arrange rides.
    • From Sary-Tash, shared taxis operate to Osh (~4–5 hours, ~$10–$15).
  • Things to Note:
    • The Pamir Highway is remote with few services; bring supplies.
    • The border at Kyzyl-Art can be harsh in winter due to high altitude.

Getting to Osh from Uzbekistan

Osh is well-connected to Uzbekistan via multiple border crossings, making it an accessible destination from cities like Andijan, Tashkent, and Fergana.

1. From Andijan (Uzbekistan) to Osh (Kyrgyzstan)

  • Route: Andijan → Dostuk Border → Osh (~50 km)
  • Border Crossing: The Dostuk border post is the main checkpoint between Andijan and Osh.
  • Transport Options:
    • Taxi from Andijan to Dostuk (~30 minutes, ~$5).
    • Walk across the border (formalities take 30 minutes).
    • Taxi from the border to Osh (~15 minutes, ~$10).
  • Things to Note: Border operates during the day, and crossings are usually smooth but can be busy.

2. Transport Options:

  • Train from Tashkent to Andijan (~5–6 hours, ~$10).
  • Shared taxis from Andijan to Dostuk (~30 minutes).
  • Cross the border and take a taxi/marshrutka to Osh.
  • Things to Note:
    • The rail route is an easy and scenic option.
    • The border crossing at Dostuk is open to most travelers.

Osh is a city where history, culture, and modern life blend seamlessly. Whether you’re exploring its ancient Silk Road sites, enjoying the bustling markets, or heading to the breathtaking landscapes of southern Kyrgyzstan, Osh offers an unforgettable travel experience.